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# PicoQuant

## Sitemaps
[XML Sitemap](https://www.picoquant.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages.

## Posts
- [Room-Temperature Valley Emission from MoSe2](https://www.picoquant.com/science/room-temperature-valley-emission-from-mose2/): High-Q chiroptical cavities enabled strong valley-selective emission from monolayer MoSe2 at room temperature and revealed how photonic resonances can control exciton recombination.
- [Metabolic FLIM for Steatotic Liver Disease](https://www.picoquant.com/science/metabolic-flim-for-steatotic-liver-disease/): Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is driven by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, triggering mitochondrial stress and progressive metabolic dysfunction. As the disease advances, mitochondrial respiration becomes increasingly impaired, contributing to oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually liver failure.
- [Why Steady State PL Is Often Not Enough](https://www.picoquant.com/science/why-steady-state-pl-is-often-not-enough/): Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is one of the most widely used characterization methods in materials science. Emission spectra can provide insight into bandgap energies, defect-related states, compositional variations, and optical quality. In semiconductors, nanomaterials, and perovskites alike, steady state PL has become a routine tool of material evaluation. Yet spectral information alone rarely tells the full physical picture.
- [Mapping Astrocytic Sodium](https://www.picoquant.com/science/mapping-astrocytic-sodium/): Quantifying intracellular sodium in intact brain tissue is technically difficult. Intensity based measurements with chemical indicators can be affected by differences in dye loading, local dye concentration, bleaching, and optical conditions.
- [Smart Microscopy Starts with Smarter Decisions](https://www.picoquant.com/news/smart-microscopy-starts-with-smarter-decisions/): What if your microscope could use the information it just acquired to decide what happens next? Our latest blog article explores how LumiPy, the Python interface for Luminosa single photon confocal microscope, enables feedback-adaptive microscopy workflows by connecting programmable microscope control with the scientific Python ecosystem. Discover how open workflows can support automation, real-time decision-making, and future AI-assisted microscopy applications.
- [Smart Microscopy with Luminosa and LumiPy](https://www.picoquant.com/science/smart-microscopy-with-luminosa-and-lumipy/): A microscopy experiment rarely ends when an image has been acquired. Images are segmented, quantified, compared, filtered, classified, and often used to decide what should be measured next. A researcher may first acquire a FLIM image, identify cells or regions of interest, extract positions, and then perform point measurements only where the previous result indicates that they are meaningful. In another case, acquisition parameters may be adjusted during a measurement to improve data quality, reduce photobleaching, or select suitable conditions for a specific fluorescence technique.
- [The Dream Microscope](https://www.picoquant.com/science/the-dream-microscope/): Perovskite solar cells have reached remarkable efficiencies, but many of the processes that ultimately determine their stability and performance occur simultaneously across different length scales and physical domains. Structural defects, chemical composition, morphology, and carrier dynamics all influence one another.
- [Photon Number Arrival-Time Gating](https://www.picoquant.com/science/photon-number-arrival-time-gating/): Photon-number-resolving (PNR) detectors provide considerably more information than conventional binary single photon detectors by assigning each detection event to a specific photon-number state. In many experiments, however, determining the photon number is only the first step. Researchers often wish to isolate specific events, for example single-photon detections during detector characterization, multi-photon events in correlation measurements, or heralding events in quantum optics experiments such as in quantum communication and photonic quantum computing.
- [PicoQuant sponsors Single-Molecule FRET: The Next 30 Years](https://www.picoquant.com/news/picoquant-sponsors-single-molecule-fret-the-next-30-years/): PicoQuant is pleased to sponsor Single-Molecule FRET: The Next 30 Years, taking place from September 21 to 25, 2026, in Tutzing, Germany.
- [Single Molecule Conference Celebrates 20th Edition](https://www.picoquant.com/news/single-molecule-conference-celebrates-20th-edition/): The conference “Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Superresolution Imaging XX” will celebrate its 20th edition in 2027 as part of BiOS, held during SPIE Photonics West in San Francisco. To mark this special anniversary, Nobel Laureate W.E. Moerner of Stanford University will open the conference with a keynote presentation.
- [Inside Solira: Designing a Flexible TRPL Microscope for Materials Characterization](https://www.picoquant.com/science/inside-solira-designing-a-flexible-trpl-microscope-for-materials-characterization/): Modern materials research increasingly benefits from combining different dimensions of information, such as spatial, temporal, and spectral data. With Solira, PicoQuant introduces a flexible TRPL microscope designed to bring these photoluminescence characterization approaches into one research environment.
- [Why Point Measurements Are Not Enough for Structured Perovskite Devices](https://www.picoquant.com/science/why-point-measurements-are-not-enough-for-structured-perovskite-devices/): Perovskite solar mini modules rely on laser-structured regions to define electrically functional areas. While steady-state photoluminescence measurements can confirm the optical response of the active layer, they often provide limited insight into how laser processing affects local recombination dynamics and material properties.
- [Continuous Measurements in Hardware and Software](https://www.picoquant.com/science/continuous-measurements-in-hardware-and-software/): Fast dynamic processes often happen on time scales much shorter than the total duration of an experiment. A cell passing through a laser focus, a molecule changing its state, or a correlation signal evolving over time may only produce relevant photon events for a brief moment. In such cases, the measurement system must continuously capture consecutive data blocks without introducing blind gaps between them.
- [Which Tools Do You Need to Study TMDs?](https://www.picoquant.com/news/which-tools-do-you-need-to-study-tmds/): TMDs exhibit fascinating photophysical behavior, including strong excitonic effects, layer-dependent band structures, and spin–valley coupling. These make them highly relevant for research in optoelectronics, valleytronics, and quantum photonics.
- [Optimizing Trigger Settings for Precise Photon Timing](https://www.picoquant.com/science/optimizing-trigger-settings-for-precise-photon-timing/): Every photon detected by a single-photon detector is converted into an electrical pulse. Before this pulse can be time tagged, the device must determine the exact pulse begin. This is defined by the trigger setting.
- [Solira: New Microscope for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence and Materials Research](https://www.picoquant.com/news/introducing-solira-our-new-microscope-for-time-resolved-photoluminescence-and-advanced-materials-research/): We are launching Solira, our new microscope for time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements and advanced materials characterization, introduced to the public for the first time at the E-MRS Spring Meeting 2026 in Strasbourg, France (May 25–29, 2026). Combining methods such as TRPL, TRPL imaging, carrier diffusion mapping, and correlation measurements within one configurable system, Solira enables the investigation of semiconductors, perovskites, nanomaterials, LEDs, quantum emitters, and other advanced material systems.
- [Photon Number Resolution at High Count Rates](https://www.picoquant.com/science/photon-number-resolution-at-high-count-rates/): Photon number resolution (PNR) using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) has attracted growing interest for quantum optical applications such as photonic quantum computing. In intrinsic SNSPD-based PNR, photon number information is encoded directly in the detector pulse shape and can be extracted from observables such as pulse timing and width.
- [New UniHarp 1.2 and snAPI Software Releases](https://www.picoquant.com/news/new-uniharp-1-2-and-snapi-software-releases/): PicoQuant has released UniHarp 1.2 and a new version of snAPI, introducing several new capabilities for advanced photon-counting experiments. The centerpiece is Photon Number Resolution (PNR): a method that goes significantly beyond conventional on/off detection and is now directly integrated into both software packages.
- [Fast Volumetric FLIM Beyond Confocal Limits](https://www.picoquant.com/science/fast-volumetric-flim-beyond-confocal-limits/): Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is widely used to extract functional information from biological systems. Yet in live imaging, FLIM quickly reaches a practical limit. Acquisition speed, photon budget, and phototoxicity are tightly coupled, and improving one typically degrades the others.
- [FlexLambda Kit for Flexible Wavelength Selection](https://www.picoquant.com/news/flexlambda-kit-for-flexible-wavelength-selection/): PicoQuant introduces the FlexLambda Kit, a compact wavelength selection unit engineered for flexible and efficient detection across the visible and near-infrared spectrum. The system allows fast, precise adjustment of both detection wavelength and bandwidth, enabling highly adaptable experimental setups.
- [Expanding the Horizon of FCS with SPAD Arrays](https://www.picoquant.com/science/expanding-the-horizon-of-fcs-with-spad-arrays/): Recent detector developments are beginning to change this picture. SPAD arrays allow correlations to be calculated not only within a single detection channel but across multiple pixels simultaneously. This enables new experimental strategies such as spot-variation FCS, multi-foci FCS, or cross-correlation between spatially separated detection volumes.
- [Why Timing Architecture Defines Modern Multi-Wavelength Experiments](https://www.picoquant.com/science/why-timing-architecture-defines-modern-multi-wavelength-experiments/): In modern multi-wavelength experiments, the challenge is no longer the availability of laser sources. It is the ability to structure them in time. Sequential excitation, grouped pulses, defined pauses, burst mode operation, and synchronization with detection electronics are not peripheral functions. They determine how an experiment behaves.
- [How PicoQuant Measures Time](https://www.picoquant.com/science/how-picoquant-measures-time/): Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) has long been the gold standard for measuring extremely short time intervals between photon events. Traditionally, these measurements relied on hardware histogramming, where photon arrival times are immediately processed by the device to build a histogram of time differences. While this approach paved the way for classic fluorescence lifetime measurements, modern experiments increasingly demand more flexibility and deeper insight into photon dynamics.
- [Measuring Carrier Lifetimes in Semiconductor Wafers](https://www.picoquant.com/science/measuring-carrier-lifetimes-in-semiconductor-wafers/): Charge carrier lifetime is one of the most sensitive indicators of semiconductor material quality. It reflects recombination processes, defect densities, and transport properties that directly influence device performance.
- [New Analysis Options Push the Limits of FLIM Imaging Modalities](https://www.picoquant.com/science/new-analysis-options-push-the-limits-of-flim-imaging-modalities/): FLIM experiments generate multidimensional datasets that contain far more information than simple intensity images. Researchers frequently need to evaluate lifetime distributions, compare regions of interest, or distinguish between multiple fluorescent species within the same image.
- [Master Oscillator Fiber Amplifier (MOFA) in Picosecond Laser Design](https://www.picoquant.com/science/master-oscillator-fiber-amplifier-mofa-in-picosecond-laser-design/): A Master Oscillator Fiber Amplifier (MOFA) is based on a clear architectural principle: the separation of pulse generation and power amplification. The master oscillator defines the temporal characteristics of the laser emission. In picosecond diode systems, this is often realized with a gain-switched laser diode that produces short infrared pulses with adjustable repetition rates and well-defined pulse dynamics.
- [Advanced Laser Operation Modes](https://www.picoquant.com/science/advanced-laser-operation-modes/): In many experiments, discrepancies in reported lifetimes or emission behavior are not caused by the material itself but by the excitation scheme. Fast recombination, delayed emission, or steady-state effects require fundamentally different temporal excitation profiles.
- [New workflow for FRAP and Python interface for Luminosa](https://www.picoquant.com/news/new-workflow-for-frap-and-a-python-interface-in-luminosa/): The latest software update for Luminosa Single Photon Counting Confocal Microscope expands the platform with new tools for adaptive microscopy workflows, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and improved single-molecule measurements. The update gives researchers more flexibility when designing experiments while simplifying automation and integration with existing Python-based analysis pipelines.
- [Designer van der Waals Materials for Quantum Emission](https://www.picoquant.com/science/designer-van-der-waals-materials-for-quantum-emission/): Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and other van der Waals materials are increasingly studied as platforms for quantum emitters and next-generation quantum photonic devices. Their layered structure enables precise control over electronic and optical properties, opening new opportunities for engineered quantum light sources.
- [Time Tagger for Highest-Throughput Applications Ahead](https://www.picoquant.com/news/time-tagger-for-highest-throughput-applications-ahead/): We are preparing to expand the HydraHarp family with the upcoming HydraHarp 500 L. This new variant will set new standards for data throughput and scalability. With outstanding timing resolution, excellent timing precision and up to 64 flexible channels, the HydraHarp 500 L is engineered for highest-throughput applications powered – for the first time – by USB 3.2 Gen 2×2, making it ideal for rapid, large-volume data acquisition.
- [Resolving Hole Injection Pathways in InGaN Red Micro-LEDs on Silicon](https://www.picoquant.com/science/resolving-hole-injection-pathways-in-ingan-red-micro-leds-on-silicon/): Long-wavelength InGaN emitters promise monolithic RGB integration on silicon. Yet achieving efficient red emission remains difficult. High indium incorporation increases strain, promotes defect formation, and complicates carrier transport within multiple quantum wells. In particular, insufficient hole injection and enhanced Shockley–Read–Hall recombination limit external quantum efficiency in red micro-LEDs.
- [Metabolic State Profiling of Organoids with FLIM](https://www.picoquant.com/news/metabolic-state-profiling-of-organoids-with-flim/): Our new Technical Note demonstrates the possibility of identifying distinct metabolic profiles of organoids using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) of autofluorescence arising from different bound and unbound states of NAD(H) under two-photon excitation.
- [HydraHarp 400 Discontinued](https://www.picoquant.com/news/hydraharp-400-discontinued/): The HydraHarp 400 Multichannel Picosecond Event Timer & TCSPC Module has been discontinued as of November 2025. This product is no longer available for new orders.
- [snAPI Expands to Linux](https://www.picoquant.com/news/snapi-expands-to-linux/): The powerful software library snAPI for convenient High-Level Python programming of PicoQuant’s TCSPC and time tagging instruments has received great attention since it was initially released last year. The snappy new API (short snAPI) is a powerful Python wrapper for the lower level „bare metal“ libraries for configuration and operation of the popular instruments.
- [Upgrading Laser Scanning Microscopes for High-Rate Sodium Imaging](https://www.picoquant.com/science/upgrading-laser-scanning-microscopes-for-high-rate-sodium-imaging/): Quantifying intracellular sodium in living tissue is technically demanding. Available Na⁺ indicators emit comparatively few photons, and classical TCSPC-based FLIM often requires long integration times to obtain stable decay fits. Under dynamic biological conditions, this quickly becomes limiting.
- [PicoQuant Celebrates 30th Single Molecule Workshop in Berlin](https://www.picoquant.com/news/picoquant-celebrates-30th-single-molecule-workshop-in-berlin/): An international audience of more than 250 participants came together in Berlin from September 23–26, 2025 to celebrate the 30th edition of PicoQuant’s renowned Single Molecule Workshop. Marking three decades of scientific exchange, the anniversary event brought together pioneers of the field, leading experts, and a new generation of researchers shaping the future of single-molecule science.
- [PicoQuant Invests in FluoBrick Solutions to Simplify Access to Single Molecule Research](https://www.picoquant.com/news/picoquant-invests-in-fluobrick-solutions-to-simplify-access-to-single-molecule-research/): PicoQuant GmbH has invested in FluoBrick Solutions GmbH, a Berlin-based start-up dedicated to lowering the barriers to single-molecule techniques such as Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). The 2025 spin-off from LMU Munich develops ready-to-use instruments that help researchers study proteins and oligonucleotides at the single-molecule level, saving time and sample material while accelerating workflows.
- [High-Precision Photon Counting for Quantum Research](https://www.picoquant.com/news/high-precision-photon-counting-for-quantum-research/): Accurate timing is essential when investigating quantum dots, NV centers, or entangled photon sources. A powerful combination of software and hardware enables precise g²(τ), lifetime, and coincidence measurements across a wide range of quantum optics experiments.
- [SHG Imaging with Picosecond Pulsed Lasers](https://www.picoquant.com/science/shg-imaging-with-picosecond-pulsed-lasers/): In many laboratories, SHG imaging is almost automatically associated with femtosecond laser sources. While powerful, these systems increase experimental complexity and introduce stricter laser safety requirements.
- [Overlapping Import and Export in the Nuclear Pore](https://www.picoquant.com/science/overlapping-import-and-export-in-the-nuclear-pore/): The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates one of the most demanding transport processes in the cell. Thousands of macromolecules per second pass through a channel only ~50–70 nm wide, moving simultaneously in opposite directions. From a physical perspective, this raises an immediate question: how does such intense bidirectional traffic avoid congestion and collision?
- [High-Purity Single-Photon Emission in Carbon-Doped h-BN](https://www.picoquant.com/science/high-purity-single-photon-emission-in-carbon-doped-h-bn/): A narrow emission line is not proof of single-photon behavior. Single-photon purity is defined by photon statistics, most directly by the second-order autocorrelation function g2(τ). Reaching very low g2(0) values at room temperature is challenging because small background contributions, imperfect spectral filtering, and timing artifacts can bias the result. Credible verification therefore requires correlated measurements where spectrum, lifetime, and g2(τ) are recorded for the same emitter under stable alignment and well-controlled detection conditions.
- [Cadmium Disrupts Autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells](https://www.picoquant.com/science/cadmium-disrupts-autophagy-in-prostate-cancer-cells/): According to GLOBOCAN 2022 data, prostate cancer ranks among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in men worldwide, based on age-standardized incidence rates. Despite advances in screening and treatment, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving tumor initiation and progression remains critical.
- [Breaking the Pile-Up Barrier: High-Rate TCSPC Beyond the Excitation Limit](https://www.picoquant.com/science/breaking-the-pile-up-barrier-high-rate-tcspc-beyond-the-excitation-limit/): For decades, time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) operated under an the rule: never exceed a few percent of the excitation rate.
- [Boost Your TCSPC and Time Tagging Workflow with the Free DAQ Software UniHarp](https://www.picoquant.com/news/boost-your-tcspc-and-time-tagging-workflow-with-the-free-daq-software-uniharp/): Advance your experiments in quantum optics, life sciences, and materials sciences with UniHarp – our free universal data acquisition software. Featuring real-time control, sleek visualization, and support for advanced analyses like g², FCS, time traces, and histograms, UniHarp offers precision and ease across all of our time-tagging devices. Streamline your workflow and focus on what matters: your results.
- [Turning Vision into Results with Doppler Single-Photon Lidar](https://www.picoquant.com/science/turning-vision-into-results-with-doppler-single-photon-lidar/): A recent study by researchers at Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL) shows that it can. Using a technique called Doppler Single-Photon Lidar (SPL), they were able to simultaneously estimate distance and radial velocity with remarkable precision. Their setup worked even at high frame rates and in extremely low signal conditions, opening up new possibilities for motion-aware 3D imaging.
- [Optical Characterization of Nanomaterials](https://www.picoquant.com/science/optical-characterization-of-nanomaterials/): Nanomaterials research is driven by the question of how nanoscale structure controls optical behavior. In semiconductor nanomaterials and nanostructured materials, charge carrier dynamics often determine performance more strongly than steady-state emission intensity. Radiative recombination, surface trapping, plasmon coupling, and stimulated emission occur on nanosecond and sub-nanosecond timescales. These processes cannot be resolved by steady-state spectroscopy alone. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), implemented in confocal microscope platforms and TCSPC-based spectrometers, has therefore become a central tool in the optical characterization of nanomaterials.
- [An Interview With Pioneering Single Molecule Researcher Philip Tinnefeld](https://www.picoquant.com/news/an-interview-with-pioneering-single-molecule-researcher-philip-tinnefeld/): "The PicoQuant student award is an outstanding opportunity in this regard in front of a friendly and enthusiastic community."— Philip Tinnefeld, Professor, LMU München
- [Where Are They Now? A Look at Past Winners of PicoQuant’s Student Award](https://www.picoquant.com/news/where-are-they-now-a-look-at-past-winners-of-picoquants-student-award/): "It is not just another conference – it is a place where early-career scientists are truly heard, and where connections last beyond the event."- Susana Rocha, Associate Professor, KU Leuven, Belgium
- [NovaISM: Advancing FLIM with Super-Resolved Spatial Details and Enhanced Contrast](https://www.picoquant.com/news/novaism-advancing-flim-with-super-resolved-spatial-details-and-enhanced-contrast/): PicoQuant introduces NovaISM, a cutting-edge software for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) and Image Scanning Microscopy (ISM) that delivers super-resolved spatial details and improved contrast. Designed for seamless integration with the Luminosa microscope, NovaISM is optimized for the PDA-23 SPAD array, enhancing FLIM imaging with unparalleled precision. Key features include pixel reassignment, which refines spatial resolution, and deconvolution, which restores fine details and reduces noise. These improvements ensure sharper optical sectioning and better signal quality, allowing researchers to extract more information from every photon. With NovaISM, FLIM users can achieve a new level of clarity in cellular biophysics, protein interactions, and metabolic imaging.
- [Microvolume Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Biological Analysis](https://www.picoquant.com/science/microvolume-fluorescence-spectroscopy-in-biological-analysis/): Biological and biochemical analyses increasingly rely on samples that are available only in very small volumes. Patient-derived material, cell culture samples, or purified biomolecules are often limited, making efficient use of each microliter essential. At the same time, analytical techniques must still deliver reliable identification, quantification, and quality control.

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